注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ改善晚期胰腺癌化疗患者整体获益可能性的真实世界研究北大核心

目的:评价注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ联合化疗在真实世界中治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法:基于LinkDoc数据库纳入2012年至2018年就诊于河南省肿瘤医院等10家研究中心且确诊为局部进展期和晚期胰腺癌的患者923例,试验组采用化疗联合注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ治疗,对照组采用单纯化疗治疗。采用倾向性评分匹配的方法均衡两组的基线信息,比较两组间的总生存期(overall survival,OS)、无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)及不良事件和化疗相关不良反应的发生率。结果:试验组和对照组的中位OS分别为7.5个月和6.7个月,中位PFS分别为3.7个月和3.3个月,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组不良事件发生率略低于对照组(88.7%vs 92.1%),试验组化疗相关不良反应发生率略高于对照组(64.1%vs 57.1%),差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:注射用核糖核酸Ⅱ联合化疗治疗晚期胰腺癌具有生存获益趋势,无肝转移患者是潜在的优势人群,该结论尚需前瞻性研究进一步确证。     

A guide to oral vaccination: Highlighting electrospraying as a promising manufacturing technique toward a successful oral vaccine development

Most vaccines approved by regulatory bodies are administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous injections and have shortcomings, such as the risk of needle-associated blood infections, pain and swelling at the injection site. Orally administered vaccines are of interest, as they elicit both systemic and mucosal immunities, in which mucosal immunity would neutralize the mucosa invading pathogen before the onset of an infection. Hence, oral vaccination can eliminate the injection associated adverse effects and enhance the person's compliance. Conventional approaches to manufacturing oral vaccines, such as coacervation, spray drying, and membrane emulsification, tend to alter the structural proteins in vaccines that result from high temperature, organic and toxic solvents during production. Electrohydrodynamic processes, specifically electrospraying, could solve these challenges, as it also modulates antigen release and has a high loading efficiency. This review will highlight the mucosal immunity and biological basis of the gastrointestinal immune system, different oral vaccine delivery approaches, and the application of electrospraying in vaccines development.     

Volume and function of the operated kidney after nephron-sparing surgery for unilateral renal tumor

Aim

We sought to assess the magnitude of functional decline and the natural history of the operated kidney residual function after zero-ischemia nephron-sparing surgery (Z-NSS) in children with unilateral renal tumor (URT).

Resolving a 150-year-old paternity case in Mormon history using DTC autosomal DNA testing of distant relatives

Although autosomal DNA testing has been available for a number of years, its use to reconstruct genetic profiles of people that lived centuries in the past is relatively recent and there are no published cases where it was employed to verify a kinship relation, likely to be an alleged paternity, that occurred one and a half century ago.DNA testing has already been employed to study the ancestry and posterity of Joseph Smith Jr., founder of the Latter-day Saint (Mormon) movement. Thanks to information found on the paternally inherited Y chromosome, a number of alleged paternities have been disproved, but obviously this analysis is not effective for alleged daughters. Likewise, his reconstructed mitogenome sequence, reported here for the first time, provides information about his maternal ancestry, but is useless in any paternity questions due to the strict maternal inheritance. Among all the children attributed to Joseph Smith Jr., Josephine Lyon, born in 1844, is perhaps the most frequently mentioned.In the current study, 56 individuals, mostly direct descendants of Joseph Smith Jr. and Josephine Lyon, had their autosomal DNA tested to verify Josephine’s biological paternity. Nearly 600,000 autosomal SNPs from each subject were typed and detailed genealogical data were compiled. The absence of shared DNA between Josephine’s grandson and Joseph Smith Jr.’s five great-grandchildren together with various amounts of autosomal DNA shared by the same individual with four other relatives of Windsor Lyon is a clear indication that Josephine was not related to the Smith, but to the Lyon’s family. These inferences were also verified using kinship analyses and likelihood ratio calculations.